Hey Steven,
Thank you for the information! I've made some more changes, but I still think I'm missing something. I reviewed the comments that you left in the IBM post that I linked as well as your comment here, and I believe I'm closer.
Based on the IBM thread, I thought it appropriate to add in a maximo-datasource-override as follows:

I left it very "barebones", as I'm not quite sure what options are appropriate here. It is my understanding, though, that this will allow us to reference this datasource within this application without affecting other applications that utilize this datasource. This is desirable behavior!
I also changed the lookup-map to *only* make reference to the datasource, as recommended. It now appears as follows:

I chose to have it reference the "duedateFilter" datasource, as that is what appears to have been done within the IBM article, as shown below:

However, despite these changes, my filter screen still appears to only show the "Bin" and "Lot" filters as options (same result as in the original post.)
If you need any more information or context, I'm more than happy to share. Thank you for your time, it is greatly appreciated. :)